History Quiz Essay

devotion plays a big role in the life of man. It gives us hope, faith and makes us believe that on that point is a Supreme Being out thither that makes things possible for us. Religion has played a big vox in our cultural, social, moral and even political history and is up to now continuing today. on that point be several religions being practiced all over the instauration today. Christianity ranks first having 2. 1 trillion believers and followers, Islam is next having nearly 1. 5 billion Muslims and the third worlds largest is Hinduism.Majority of those who practice Hinduism come from India, as this is because Hinduism originated from this country. Hinduism is more of a track of life, as it has been incorporated in the Indians way of living and non just as a religion. The primary text edition of the Hindus atomic number 18 the collection of Vedas which contain hymns, incantations, and rituals, referly the Rig Veda, the Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and the Atharva Veda (Hindui sm). There be several beliefs that encompass all forms of Hinduism. First is their respect for the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmans.The Brahmans argon the source of all things and is found in all things hence manage a Supreme Being (Hindu beliefs). They also believe in rebirth and karma. For them, when a person dies, its soul is transferred to another being. This being may or may not be human in form it may be an animal or an insect, depending on your behavior from your previous life. If you were sufficient to be goodish and do things the Hindu way, you de soften have good karma, and your soul maybe transferred to a body of a human with exalted place in society.If you have bad karma, your soul might baffle trapped inside an animal or an insect or in the body of a slave. Hindus are also expected to pass through the four stages of their life successfully. First is to pass the brahmacharga, then the grashta, the vanaprastha and finally the sanngasu. In the first stage the individual is supposed to acquire k like a shotledge and surface character and is usually experienced during the school age. The second stage, the grastha, focuses the middle days of your life on finding pleasures such as getting conjoin and having a family and establishing a career.The vanaprastha is the stage to increase time in steering on spiritual things and finally the sanngasu, the last years of ones life offered for contemplation (Hindu Rituals and Practices). Buddhism ranks fourth, after Hinduism with 324 million followers. Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama, the edify one. Gautama Buddha, after having several years of privileged living as a prince, he decided to live a solitary life of a hermit in the woods. There he dedicated his life to surmise, which is at the heart of Buddhism (What is Buddhism).Like the Hindus, the Buddhists also believe in reincarnation. The soul will be recycled and after some time, if the soul releases itself from wor ldly desires it can now achieve Nirvana, a state of freedom from liberation and suffering. Buddhism includes the three trainings or practices, the four noble truths, the five precepts and the eightfold path among its teachings. The three trainings or practices consist of the Sila, the Samadhi and the Prajna. Sila is the morality which is based on two principles, the principle of comparison and reciprocity.Samadhi is the mental development which controls and strengthens the mind. And finally the Prajna, which is wisdom. Buddhas four noble truths are as follows, the Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha and the Magga. The Dukkha tells us that there is suffering the Samudaya says that there is a cause, the Nirodha, that there is an end to the suffering and the Magga, to end the suffering the eightfold path should be followed. Just like the Christians Ten Commandments, the Buddhists have 5 precepts, and these are do not kill, do not steal, do not lie, do not misuse sex and do not make alcohol or drugs.Finally, the eightfold path consists of the right understanding of the quadruple Noble Truths, right thinking, right speech, right conduct by undermentioned the Five Precepts, right livelihood, right Effort, right Mindfulness and right concentration, which is meditation (Buddhism based on the). Judaism ranks sixth with 14 million followers around the world. Majority of the Jews live in Israel, in the United States and in France. ace of the oldest religions in the world, the Jews believe in an all-knowing divinity and that all things inside that world were designed to have meaning and purpose as part of a divine order.The Jews sacred text is the Torah, and they are preached by a Rabbi. Their symbol is the Star of David and they do not allow the name or the spelling of their deity in full. They that the Ten Commandments are the approximately important teachings from the Torah 1. I am the Lord your idol 2. You shall not admit the gods of others in My presence 3. You shall n ot take the Name of the Lord your God in vain 4. Remember the day of Shabbat to keep it holy 5. extol your father and your mother 6. You shall not murder 7. You shall not commit fornication 8. You shall not steal9. Do not give false affirmation against your neighbor 10. You shall not covet your fellows possessions The Jews do not believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah. For them, the Messiah will be a human being from King Davids family. The most widely-accepted list of Judaic beliefs is Rabbi Moshe ben Maimons thirteen principles of faith. He says that God exists, is one and unique, incorporeal and is eternal. Also, that requester is to be directed to God alone, the words of the prophets are true, and that Moses was the greatest prophet, and his prophecies are true.The Torah was given to Moses and that there will be no other Torah. In addition to those, he says that God knows the thoughts and deeds of men, God will advantage the good and punish the wicked, the Messiah will co me, and that the dead will be resurrected (Basic beliefs of Judaism). Indeed, we have come to realize lifes emptiness without having faith. We may not entirely believe in a religion, but it still holds true that as human beings, our lives need direction and guidance.ReferencesAbout, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. (2007). Basic Beliefs of Judaism. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//judaism. about. com/od/abcsofjudaism/a/beliefsbasic. htm About Buddhism. (2007). What is Buddhism. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//www. aboutbuddhism. org/what-is-buddhism. htm/ Adherents. (1998). overstep 10 Organized Religions in the World. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//www. adherents. com/misc/rel_by_adh_CSM. html Religion Facts. (2004-2007). Hindu Beliefs. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//www.religionfacts. com/hinduism/beliefs. htm Religion Facts. (2004-2007). HinduRituals and Practices. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//www. religionfacts. com/hinduism/pra ctices. htm Religious Tolerance. (2005-AUG-26). Hinduism A General Introduction. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//www. religioustolerance. org/hinduism2. htm Religious Tolerance. (2005-AUG-26). Buddhism based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http//www. religioustolerance. org/buddhism. htm

Coal Industry in India Essay

The ember industry in India witnessed its inception in 1774. However, it took almost a century for this industry to rise above its infancy and proclaim its actual arrival around the second half of the nineteenth century. What followed was the story of remarkable growth albeit with its sh be of ups and downs down the line. The flipside of this account of favoredness has non, heretofore, escaped the scrutiny of historians. The oppressive attitudes of the sear-producing lobby and the taprs miserable conditions wee metre and again found their part in prevalent turn over historiography. thought-provoking themes, for instance, production paritys, migration of labour, manipulation around the recruitment of labour, workers resistance failments and debates around women and electric razor labour have further enriched the discourse. This project aims to add a newborn dimension to this ongoing debate. The prime objective of this interpret is to unearth the score of hygienics is sues at works in the coalfields of Raniganj and Jharia districts in eastern India and of hygiene in their adjacent regions in eastern India, 1901 and 1973.The expansion of the industry was not without its perverse effects on human as easy as internal resources. This project thus, has as its focus the wellness of the tapr as well as the health of the mineral, i.e. coal, with its attendant thrusts on industrial hygiene and mine technology. Going beyond the colonial time-frame, this paper a akin attempts an investigating into miners works and living standards in the first quarter of extendindependent India. Moreover, a parallel impart be drawn amid miners living conditions at collieries of eastern India and those of natal in South Africa.It lead be interesting to look into twain diverse pictures in these different colonial settlements. As far as labour legislation and orders of mine are concern, a comparative say with Britain is on the cards. The first research to p dog that this study aims to address is the health of the miners. Engaged in hazardous underground mining activities, the miners were exposed to sound and fatal accidents. The tip of roofs and the sides was the most common form of accidents. Next in importance were accidents in haulage routes and shafts as well as explosions. The relevant challenge is what played the pivotal part in those cases of accidents was it the miners lack of mining knowledge, was it the subordinate semiofficials paucity of proper supervision or was it the lack of becoming attention of the mine-owners and mine-managers to the workers safety device concerns? In his report of 1912, the Chief Inspector of Mines coined categories of accidents for causa those ascribable to misad venture, due to the fault of the deceased, due to the fault of the fellow workmen and due to the fault of the subordinate officials (sirdars).The newly-formed categories singled out managerial fault as a distinct category which consisted of accidents fewer in lean in relation to others. The intention was clear. It was to hold the miner primarily responsible for his misfor short letters. barely the nether region owners and managers hardly provided them with the proper training in the mining principles. It was only in 1909 that a book on mining practices was proposed to be brought out in Bengali. This is not to forget that a large chunk of miners used to immigrate from regions outside Bengal like the Central Provinces. The principal reason for ascribing responsibility to the miners was to not have to pay compensation in case of permanent hinderance or death. The case was just the reverse in Britain.The scope of the Workmens Compensation perform of 1923 was broadened for the Indian coal miners only after independence. True, whatever of these accidents pointed to the responsibility of the miners like in cases of tower-robbing or drinking period functional, scarcely eve when managerial fault was ind icated, the penalty was minimal. The management even failed on a number of occasions to report cases of serious and fatal accidents without delay. Besides, some(prenominal) attempt at protective labour legislation in the coal industry was hampered by fierce opposition from the coalproducing lobby consisting of twain Europeans and Indians. Issues link up to the regulation of involvement of women and children underground, maternity leave, restriction on hours of work etc. found stern protesters in the colliery-owners.The government was hardly in a position to frustrate the claims of their close collaborators. This story of the colonial government-capitalist grade tie go out help us go beyond the traditional patriot versus imperialist historiographical framework and high dispirit the complexities of the issues relate in the question of governmental legislation to ensure higher safety conditions in mines. Increasing number of accidents in Indian collieries was lots ascribed t o the prevalent methods of mining which were often termed as faulty. This brings us to the near crucial question i.e. the health of the mineral. The ordinary mining method that was followed in Indian coal mines was the bord and pillar system. char was cut into pillars but the co-existence of small pillars and large galleries augmented the risk of collapse as well as that of issue of signifi trampt amount of coal. We can draw a parallel with the standard method of mining in Britain which was called the panel system. It was a system where isolation of works was possible. Every event was hermetically sealed that left solid ribs of coal of varying ponderousness between panels which used to be cut into pillars and immediately extracted. This method was often recommended for the Indian situation.The relevant question in this context is the supposed shortcomings of the bord and pillar system. Was the panel system practicable in Indian conditions? Further more(prenominal), Miners wer e often incriminate of improper delegacys in which they take placeled the cutting and extracting of coal. Here again the question of their lack of access to any kind of training be brings vital. Moreover, the never-ending contain for higher productivity often forced the workers to work in the chuck out part of mines, a practice that had its inevitable effects on both the health of the miners and that of the mineral. What was more surprising was most of the coal mines in Raniganj and Jharia were sink without any proper plans of the mines. Frequently, both seams were worked simultaneously with the working of the one universe above the working of the other.This caused the workings to be unstable leave behinding in loss of a huge quantity of coal. The practice of lease was such that the ancestry line between two neighbouring collieries often loosenessed out to be indistinct. It was noticed that instead of leaving restrictions untouched as intended, the work was act up to or even over the boundary. A thin barrier was dangerous for it was liable to suddenly give way under pee pressure. The question of exhaustion of coal and the need for its conservation leads us to the next important research business i.e. the evolution of mine technology. Sand-stowing is one such safeguard that ensures safety in workplace as well as conservation of coal.The institution of the ember Mines Stowing Board and the subsequent combust Mines Safety (Stowing) Act of 1939 was, however, intended to guarantee only protection against accidents at mines. It was only after independence that adequate attention was paid to conservation of coal with the Coal Mines (Conservation and Safety) Act of 1952. The Coal Mines Stowing Board was replaced by the Coal Board in 1951 in an attempt to function more effectively during the period under review. On the other hand, the persistent problem with the safety management at Indian collieries was that none of the appliances, tools and materials required for combating fire, gas, or water in collieries was kept at any of the mines in the Raniganj and Jharia coal fields. A number of large collieries adopted safety lamps in place of naked lights to avoid the danger of explosion but they were not regularly examined before being taken into the workings. Mine owners or managers often failed to post notices specifying limits of timber withdrawal for each seam or district of a seam or the maximum intervening distances between props or other roof supports at the working places.Even for winding purpose, improvised appliances like haulage ropes were used in place of winding ropes on a number of occasions, thus inviting unfortunate consequences. The mine authority, nonetheless, had the miners to blame for their technical deficiencies. Even the Chief Inspector of Mines had some interesting and often antonymous remarks to make regarding the use of machinery by Indian miners. On the one hand he thought that the cheapness of Indian lab our prevented use of machines while on the other he found comfort in the formulation that, Handling a miners tool was more of a matter of skill than was generally supposed.and the Indian coal miner was clumsy with his weapons but when doing work to which he and his forefathers had been accustomed e.g. loading or carrying material he was capable of showing good results. But the fact that the Indian miner could be induced to abandon the tools of his forefathers was seen is most Indian collieries where side of meat shovels were commonly used, and where the pointed crow bar was replaced by double pointed picks.Hence the question of availability of mine and safety technology, and more importantly, that of the proper application of technologies in possession turns out to be the critical imperatives. Even attempts at entranceway of new technology often drew severe flak from mixed quarters. Coal commissioners were suggesting the extension of the boiler act to colliery districts. The steam boilers which were in use in collieries required the fitting of a second safety valve to all boilers, second one preferably to be of the lock-up type. The Indian minelaying Association took up the matter and protested strongly against any such intervention.They were of the judgment that the danger of accident had been sufficiently minimized without the precaution. Furthermore, mere knowledgeableness of certain(prenominal) apparatus was not enough e.g. Jeffrey Companys electric coal-cutter was introduced at some collieries. But it was not successful on account of hindrance of repair and removal of the machine. Moreover, mechanical coal cutters were more suited to Longwall method as in Britain than to the bord and pillar system that was adopted in Bengal. However, launch of machinery like Welsh ovens for coking purposes in the Giridih coal field was hugely successful although the usual practice elsewhere was predominantly open ovens. Thus the issues involved in the adoption of mining technology is required to be analyze in close association with the safety of the miner and the conservation of the mineral in order to get an overall picture of the question of industrial hygiene in the Raniganj and Jharia coal-fields. A study of occupational hazards is incomplete without an investigation into occupational diseases (for instance Pneumoconiosis, ankylostomiasis, lungs diseases etc.) and diseases that affected the workers habitation.Our understanding of the question would be furthered by exploring the disease management policy of the mining authorities. Workers huts or dhowrah were not ab initio part of the colliery districts but later on became integral fragment of the districts. As far as workers housing arrangements were concerned, the official version of the roaring brick hut was constantly clashing with the workers version of the squalid mud hut. The miners recognition of hygiene and sanitation formed the principal subject matter of the official critiq ue. True, the miners fell short on the counts of their health and hygiene standards, but the momentous problem lies with the alternative settlement that the nexus of colonial government and mine authorities provided. The one room tenement with common latrine facilities did not turn out to be a more hygienic alternative to the previous mud hut. Here, we can draw a parallel between the collieries of Bengal and those of original in South Africa.A large number of Indian miners started migrating to natural around the first decade of the 20th century because of better working and living conditions there. The question of health and hygiene standards of the adjacent colliery districts is expense exploring, too. Outbreak of diseases in the neighbourhood had its decisive effect on the workplace hygiene. A mere rumour of outbreak of Cholera in the vicinity used to result in widespread desertion of collieries and its surroundings by the miners, thus having disastrous effects on the produc tion exercise. Hence, a diminutive study on the connections between colliery hygiene of the areas under study and that of the wider region becomes essential.This connection was all the more evident in the post-independence period. The civic hospital of Dhanbad had a number of seats reserved for the colliers of Jharia mines. The mines used withal to gain a great deal from the water supply plot in the neighbourhood or for the purpose of supply of electricity. Systems of water supply, gutter systems, sanitary measures, and disease policies in the adjacent areas undoubtedly had their impact on workplaces and the other way round. Furthermore, coal mining and its impact on the wider purlieu induced the government to formulate humans health measures in tune with the necessities of the coal mining industry as well as with the requirements of the beside regions. These two linked and often conflicting aspects will be explored through the story of dilemmas, preferences, strategies and decision-making at the government level. Particular attention to the functioning and implementation of various safety measures at collieries in post-colonial India forms the conclusive part of this project.Was the working and living conditions of the coal mine workers improved in any way in the immediate post-independence period? What was the status of labour legislation in relation to workers health and safety concerns? Apparently the colliers were better placed with the growth effectiveness of the Workmens Compensation Act. Women miners gained significantly from regular functioning of the Mines maternity Benefit Act of 1941. Jharia and Raniganj Mines Boards of Health looked in better shape in postindependence years. Particular attention moldiness be paid to the activities of the Coal Mines bear on Welfare Fund. Establishment and proper functioning of central and regional hospitals of Jharia and Raniganj were correct under the auspices of this fund. Dispensary services like t he one at Bhuli in Jharia improved a lot as well. We can also come across instances like spraying operations to prevent Malaria or B.C.G. vaccination to combat Tuberculosis or the setting up of the mobile science laboratory teams in the Jharia and Raniganj coalfields which point to improvement in the condition of health and hygiene in colliery districts.Working of the Coal Mines Pithead Bath Rules, 1946 and of the Mines Creche Rules, 1946 must be mentioned. Especially, provision of crches demands particular attention in relation to women labour. They had a place for their children to be taken care of while they were grouchy working. Despite such favourable proceedings, miners wretchedness was far from being reduced. A remarkable increase in opencast mining with its associated dangers furthered the misery of the miners. Added to this were disappointing mining conditions e.g. slaughter mining, violation of mine safety laws etc. The result was nationalization of Coking coal mines i n 1972 and that of non-coking coal mines in 1973. Health and hygiene related themes in Indian coal mines during the colonial and postcolonial period have not found a substantial space in animated scholarship.The only work that stands out is an article by Colin Simmons (1976) where he devotes himself to the study of coal mines accidents, workplace safety and labour legislation. His other works are also of seminal importance particularly for the understanding of the nature of the labour force and ownership of colliery land. As to issues relating to practices of landleases and tenancy rights, the work of Dietmar Rothermund (year) is ambitious indeed. Rakhi Raychowdhury (1996), in her work on the women labour of eastern Indian coal mines, has a chapter devoted to matters concerning work schedule, rest and leave and accidents. bit Dilip Simeons principal focus was production relations (1997) and labour movement (1999) in Jharia coalfields, he gave some attention to the safety concern s of Indian collieries. (1999). He even addressed the post-colonial situation. But a detailed study on industrial hygiene in relation to coalfields awaits scholarly attention.In the attend of suggestion the growth of coal industry in India, A.B. Ghosh(1977) referred to lists of accidents in coal mines and also to some examples of technological evolution but he made no attempt to derive a connection between accidents, safety issues and introduction of technology which this project intends to address. Deepika Basus (1993) occasional mention of health issues in coal and other mines is meant to broaden the understanding of the growth of the working class in India. Kuntala Lahiri-Dutts (2001) concern over water problems, sewerage systems etc. gives us a fair idea about the gradual process of urbanization in the Raniganj coalfields. She has also established a relation between growing mechanization of coal industry and decreasing importance of women labour. But the connection between mec hanization and safety issues remains to be explored. It is a principal aim of this proposed project to analyze the same issues in the light of the themes of health and hygiene.In her case study on Kolar gold mines, Janaki Nair (1998) writes extensively on accident related issues in the work place and the process of sanitation outside the workplace, mainly in the workers residence. Nair, however, views these themes within the Foucauldian paradigm of inspection and resistance. Anti-plague measures or sanitizing efforts of the mining authorities was, according to Nair, an intrusion into the snobbish life of the mine workers. She saw in the sanitary zeal of the persons concerned an extension of the exalt like discipline (even though mines cannot be considered barrack like structures) of the workplace to the territory beyond. This project will attempt to move beyond such stereotypical formulations and instead attempt in-depth analyses of the questions raised that will be based on soli d empirical research conscious by an awareness of the theoretical issues involved. The work has been conceptualized in a personal manner that it will pull together issues that have been dealt with in discrete, scattered contexts.As far as historical works on Indian domain health system are concerned, we are familiar with a significant body of writings about public health systems of major cities like that of Calcutta (Kabita Ray, 1998), and of Bombay (Mridula Ramanna, 2002). A discussion on public health systems of industrially-rich regions is supposed to be first of its kind. Mark Harrison (1994) pioneered a comprehensive account of the system of public health in India starting from disease management in war machine garrisons to vaccination policies, preventive measures against plague in wider regions. The mining sector however has not featured in his work. Industrial hygiene and in this case, health and hygiene issues in collieries and in their adjoining regions is an unexplore d arena. The proposed research aims to integrate specifically two kinds of historiography within the span of its methodology. One is the historical literature on mines and the other is the historical accounts of science, medication, technology, and of public health systems in India.While works on mines have overlooked aspects of hygiene and technology, the history of science, medicine and technology has yet to incorporate the industrial sector or industrial hygiene within its orbit. This endeavour, therefore, proposes to fill in the void in the existing historical literature by combining elements of both these fields of research. On another level, this discussion on industrial health and hygiene will seek to include within the scope of its analysis the role of extra-economic factors in the understanding of the working classes in India.Last but not least, a comparison with the coal mines of Britain and South Africa follows from the logic of the analysis of the factors affecting the Indian collieries which I have discussed before. In its attempt at juxtaposing global phenomena, this venture treads the path shown by Peter Alexander (2004). This research thus seeks to doctor the post-colonial situation of eastern Indian coalfields within the global context. Such a work is also of relevance to current global concerns that seek to spotlight the question of safeguarding the environment in the context of the global-capitalist hunt to maximize wampum from commercial ventures.Primary Sources The Coal Mines excavate Welfare Fund Act, 1947/ Act No. 32 of 1947.Delhi. The Coal Mines Safety (Stowing) Rules. Delhi, 1939. East India Railway the Coalfields of Bengal and Chota Nagpur Served by the East India Railway. Calcutta, 1926. First reputation of the committee appointed to investigate the dangers arising from coal-dust in Indian Mines. Govt. of India, segment of Industries and Labour. Calcutta 1924. (Simpson Committee). Indian Mines Act. By W.H.Pickerink and W.Grah am, 1907. Papers Regarding principle for the statute and Sanitation of Mines in India. Govt. of India Department of Revenue and Agriculture. Calcutta Office of the overseer of Govt. Printing, 1896. survey of the Chief Inspector of Mines in India under the India Mines Act, VIII of 1901. Calcutta Office of the Superintendent of Govt. Printing, (1901 onwards). musical composition o the Coalfield Committee. Calcutta Govt. Printing, 1920. Report of the Coal Mining Committee. Delhi Manager of Publications, 1937. Report of the Indian Coal Committee, 1925. Reports on the Production and Consumption of Coal in India. Report on the Inspection of Mines in India. Calcutta Office of the Superintendent of Govt. Printing, (1894-1900).Rules border by the Govt. of Bengal under Section 30 of the Indian Mines Act, 1923 (IV of 1923) applicable to Coal Mines and Mines other than Coal Mines, Corrected up to 30th June, 1940. Second Report of the committee appointed to investigate the dangers arising f rom coal-dust in Indian Mines. Govt. of India, Department of Industries and Labour. Calcutta 1929. (Simpson Committee). fussy Rules for Coal Mines under Section 21 of the Indian Mines Act, 1901 (VIII of 1901), 1918. Third and terminal Report of the committee appointed to investigate the dangers arising from coal-dust in Indian Mines. Govt. of India, Department of Industries and Labour. Calcutta 1932. daybooks and Bulletins Bulletins of Indian Industries and Labour Indian Factory Legislation A historic Survey. By A.G.Clow. 1926. Reduction of Hours of Work in Mines, 1932.Bulletins of the Department of Industries, Bengal Catalogue of the Indian Manufacturers (compiled in the office of the DirectorGeneral of Commercial Intelligence), 1911. Secondary Sources Alexander, Peter and Halpern, Rick, Introduction comparability Race and Labour in South Africa and the United shows in ledger of Southern African Studies, Volume 30, Number 1, p. 5-18, March 2004.Alexander, Peter, Race, confi guration faithfulness and the Structure of Capitalism Coal Miners in Alabama and the Transvaal, 1918-1922 in Journal of Southern African Studies, Volume 30, Number 1, p. 115-132, March 2004. Basu, Deepika, The Working Class in Bengal Formative Years, Calcutta, 1993. Ghosh, A.B., Coal Industry in India A diachronic and Analytical Account, Calcutta, vol. 1, 1977 & vol. 2, 1990.Guha, B.P., Wage rates in the Indian coal mining industry, Priya, 1973. Harrison, Mark, Public Health in British India Anglo-Indian Preventive medicament 1859-1914, Cambridge, 1994.Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala, Mining and Urbanization in the Raniganj coalbelt. Calcutta, 2001. Nair, Janaki, Mines and Millhands Work Culture and Politicsin Princely Mysore. New Delhi, 1998.Ramanna, Mridula, Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay, 18451895. Hyderabad, 2002. Ray, Kabita, History of Public Health Colonial Bengal, 1921-1947.Kolkata, 1998. Raychowdhury, Rakhi, Gender and Labour in India the Kamins of Eastern Coa lmines, 1900-1940. Kolkata, 1996. Rothermund, Dietmar, Tenancy Legislation for Chota Nagpur the Emphasis on executive director Protection in Zamindars, Mines and Peasants Studies in the History of anIndian Coalfield and Its Rural Hinterland, change by Dietmar Rothermund and D.C. Wadhwa. New Delhi, 1978.Simeon, Dilip, The Politics of Labour Under Late Colonialism. Workers, Unions and the State in Chota Nagpur, 1928-1939. New Delhi, 1995. ibid. Coal and Colonialism Productions Relations in an Indian coalfield, c. 18951947 in Peripheral Labour? Studies in the History of Partial Proletarianization, edited by Shahid Amin and Marcel van der Linden. Cambridge, 1997. ibid. Work and Resistance in the Jharia Coalfield in Contributions to Indian Sociology, vol. 33, no. 1-2, p. 43-75. 1999. Simmons, Colin, Working Conditions, Accidents and Protective Labour Legislation in the Indian Coal Mining Industry in the Pre-Independence level in Bengal Past and Present, pt.1 (N.K. Sinha Memorial Vol. ), p. 185-200, 1976.ibid. Recruiting and Organizing an Industrial Labour great power in Colonial India the Case of the Coal Mining Industry c. 1880-1939 in The Indian Economic and Social History Review, vol. xiii, no. 4, p. 455-485 , 1976.

Principles for implementing duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young people’s setting Essay

1.2All practitioners thrust a concern of c ar all the electric shaverren the setting, this also includes the staff. A duty of care is where a practitioner has to take care of them and not let them get harmed in any way. This allow for expect the children attention, watching out for hazards and preventing mistakes or accidents. If a practitioner has not met the duty of care required then they give the sack be held betable for allo followg it to happen.The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is a framework that suffers an assurance to cares and parents that the setting that they put their child in will keep them safe and help them thrive. The motor of the EYFS is to help children achieve the quin Every Child Matters outcomes which are Staying safeBeing healthyEnjoying and achievingmaking a positive contributionAchieving economic wellbeingThese can be achieved by having quality, consistence and a set of standards which apply to all settings.2.1Children are entitled to canonic al human rights such as food, health care, a safe home and protection from abuse but because children cant always stand up for themselves they need a special sit of rights to ensure that the adults around them take responsibility for their protection and civilisement. The UN convention on the rights of the child applies to all children under the age of 18 and it spells out the basic human rights children and young people should have.All children have the right to survive, develop and be protected from harm. There can be potential conflicts or dilemmas with professionals record and share information about a child, the information on a child should only be placid and stored with the parents constant quantity and should have free access to this information on request. The constant will be gained formally with a signature the only excommunication is when a child mightbe at risk of straightaway and significant harm if you share the information with the parent.Safeguarding a child req uires practitioners to pay difficult judgments. As an early years practitioner your duty is get ahead the welfare, development and learning of each child sometimes this means superlative difficult or sensitive issues with a parent or carer. It is big that the issues are raised in a way that shows concern for the child and not criticising the parent or carer.In general it is important to have a confidential space and a clear focus on the child best interests, the vast number of parents will be validatory even if the first reaction in negative and it is important to involve senior staff in these discussions such as a direction senior or the manager. 2.2Whatever setting you are in, situations may come out where you need to respond to a armorial bearing. People react in diametrical ways to a situation. When responding to a complaint it is important to take into account the other persons point of view and find a solution to the problem. You should aim to deal with the complaint in a constructive manner in order to maintain positive working relationships. There are quadruplet positive steps that may help you respond to a complaint keep cool, listen, apologise if necessary and try for a win/win solution. 2.3The colleagues that you work with should be able to provide appendixal support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas such as your room senior or settings manager. In addition there are a range of organisation that can provide support and advice for those working with children, young people and their families. These include local pedagogics authority, health services, social service department and charities and voluntary organisations. You should always look on to follow your settings guidelines regarding confidentiality and the sharing of information when concerned about the welfare of a child or young person.

Langston Hughes “Theme for English B”

Langston Hughes Theme for English B, was written in part of an assigning habituated to Hughes from his college instructor. The instructor said, Go home and write a p progress tonight. And let that page come out of you-Then, it will be true (Hughes lines 2-5). Hughes viewed his assignment as expressing how he felted in the moment. He starts his paper by describing his journey from Durham, then to Harlem, where he is the only African American in his college class.At the selfsame(prenominal) time, he outlines his walk from Harlem to his room. Later, Hughes expressed that at age twenty-two, his likes and interest was not much different from other races. Hughes then expresses his feelings toward connection. He says, Yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. Thats American. Sometimes perhaps you dont call for to be a part of me. Nor do I often destiny to be a part of you (32-35). This expresses how he views different races in America.He views other races as being a part of one some ot her because of the connection to the American life style. Basically, he is saying that because he and whites is American, they atomic number 18 connected through the way of American living, but at the same time, he expresses how the connection is not wanted or favored. Hughes ends his paper saying, I guess you learn from me-although youre older-and white-and somewhat more free (37-39). Expressing that, eve though the whites have more rights then him, they still influence him and sin versa.

Nutrition concepts and controversies

Mammals, like humans, have a remarkable way of bearing an offspring. They carry this offspring in their womb for whatever(prenominal) days or months until their offspring are ready to face the world. This do by is called pregnancy. In scientific terms, pregnancy is the phase from conception until birth wherein a fertilized develops into a fetus inside a arrests womb. gestation is a delicate situation, and needs utmost care and attention. During pregnancy, a mother is exposed to a lot of risks, so risky practices should be avoided. cardinal practice that should be avoided is doing strenuous sports, particularly sports with risks of falling. A fall would ride an impact, and this impact may initiate the separation of placenta from the uterus, a condition cognise as placenta abruptio. This office cause an excessive loss of furrow to the mother. finish to the unborn child would be the other risk. Another habit that should be avoided is smoking. This annexs the risk of miscarr iage for the mother, and possible wellness problems and lower birth freight for the offspring.This susceptibility also trigger an event known as emergent infant death syndrome (SIDS). Another practice that should be avoided is drinking alcohol. A drunken mother is more prone to accidental fall which may trigger a miscarriage, and therefore excessive loss of blood or death of the unborn child. The child might also have some health problems after birth like a heart problem. alcohol addiction great amounts of caffeine are also strictly prohibited for enceinte mothers. Caffeine affects the nervous system, making you more nervous, irritable and unable to sleep. overly much caffeine in a fraught(p) mothers body might increase the likelihood of a miscarriage.This would either principal sum to excessive bleeding and loss of blood to the mother, and death to the offspring. Lastly, a pregnant mom should also avoid hot bath tubs and sauna baths/steams. These practices increase the core body temperature of the mother. This would increase heart rate to increase the blood flow on the body. It makes the heart work even harder and therefore might result to fainting. The increased heat in the environment of the fetus might also have a significant impact on the health of the child after birth.ReferenceChildren and Youth Health. (2007). Pregnancy risks. Retrieved May 1, 2008 from http//www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=304&id=1964

Health Care Communication Methods Essay

As the Communication Coordinator for this well cognise drug manufacturer, we exit now debate and discus how we exit posture information to the public just about the ostracize effectuate that our medications argon causation the public. Our goal, as a vital asset to the public and medical community, is to read tout ensemble concerns to our community in a very(prenominal) sensitive and heedful way. Using the power of passwordpapers, radio, internet, loving net proceedinging and news related companies.The local news has already reported that a known public figure has been effected which goes against the wellness portability and accountability act. So as confabulation coordinator it is important to glide by this issue carefully, addressing the proper population, without losing business and the trust we created with our investors and consumers. Today in our meeting, we go away discuss very important aspects of our companys medical concerns and decision making which com munication tactic is most suitable for this situation, while sticking to the very important and necessary HIPPAA guidelines.We will start by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of development tralatitious media, to get the news out to a signifi dirty dogt number of the population. youthful reports of negative effects caused by one of the companys medications wishing to be addressed. News reports drive alleged that one of the individuals is a well-known public figure. Traditional media move include magazines, newspapers, radio and television. There are some great advantages on why these media outlets would be great in go pasting our audience regarding this health scare.Two great orders are newspaper and magazines they open fire help because we stick out be precise and explicit when discussing our issue. Additionally, these methods will provide use with a permanent record of the manufacturer taste to reach the public (Advantages and disadvantages of written communi cation, 2012). Two other sizable methods are television and radio. These methods are beneficial because they are cost effective. It allows the communication coordinator to reach the audience directly, while present attentiveness, emotion and oncern about the negative effects caused by our medication.All these tactics seem like they will work until now there are disadvantages with sticking to traditional media outlets instead of using social media or electronic sites. close to main concerns the coordinator will defend with using traditional media is that it can only reach a extra amount of people and the company is restricted to a small orbit of listerners and readers. According to the national center for education statistcs the U. S. reads between the 8th and 9th regulate reading levels. (NCES, 2003).The lack of education and the advancement of technology will belittle the effectiveness of radio, magazines and newspapers. The communication coordinator will continue talking about the dissimilar methods of communication. By discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using electronic media, to get information to the public without breakout any HIPAA laws. Some advantages of electronic communication, is that the media tends to be very fast, cost-effective and convenient. electronic communication will let the coordinator combine numerous media text prowess sound and video in a single message.This will excessively give the coordinator the chance to set up a website to give good credible information directly targeted to the population that is effected by the medication, with slight chances of interfering with the laws set in place by the HIPPA act. This form of media can result in far more meaningful communication custom-built to the population effected by the national drug manufacturer medication. progressively doctors are communicating with other practitioners, hospitals, clinics and patients via portable devices. However these attributes contai ns disadvantages.The technology that enables health care providers and the rest of the nation to keep in touch can also invade privacy. The main disadvantages of using electronic communication, is security. Computers can be hacked, and affected with computer virus. Communication electronically in this particular scenario can also make it difficult, for all affected to understand the message the same. The revive at which the messages are transmitted, often, changes the structure of the message which at times, can be misinterpreted.False or Phantom sites are also a concern. Some foes of this company or medical manufacturing companies whitethorn release false or exaggerated negative reports. This could cause the public to lose trust in our efforts to give valuable information and hinder patients to trust products. Electronic communication will lack the human touch. Now we will talk about the disadvantages and advantages of social media facebook, twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn are soci al networking platforms that are set up and created by web developers.Public internet and social networks can enable communication, collaborationism and information collection and sharing. The advantages of using social media are because, About threesome of Americans who go online to research their health currently use social networks to set about fellow patients and discuss their condition (Elkin, 2008). As communication coordinator a social network can be used to reach out and get down feedback from the population, and bring awareness about the drug.Social network is where individuals have lead on releasing their private information about the drug and the consumer will not be breaking any HIPAA laws. The disadvantages of using social media, is that all information may not always be credible. This method of communicating can also open up the possibility for hackers to commit actor and launch virus attacks. Social networks increases risk of people falling course to online sca ms. The hugest risk using social media such as facebook, YouTube or twitter, Is the softness to control the conversation.The effected population may say a look at of negative things about the company true or not that can damage its reputation. Improper descriptions or discussions of a patients cause on social media could violate a patients privacy, eve if no names are used and no harm is intended. As communication coordinator for the national drug manufacturer, in conclusion, all methods of communication have their advantages however the disadvantages outweigh the smartest of the decisions. Majority of the methods will affect the HIPAA law by releasing to much information about personal health.Traditional media, electronic communication and social media sites can be all used in moderation to reach out to the effected population. Traditional media such as newspaper and magazines should be very brief in the information it voices. This method will be used to have record of the comp any showing some sort of concern about news reporting negative effects of the drug. As the coordinator I feel the best form of communication will be provider and patients direct contact. It may be difficult to reach each individual affected however it will be the safest.

Arthur Miller’s “A View from the Bridge” Essay

In Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge, the character of Alfieri can be expound as the hidden leading role. He bears several roles, well-nigh of them more significant than assumed by the casual reader. His dual-role onstage as a character who interacts twain with other characters and the audience provides him with the responsibility of livery about some understanding to the events of the bout, while his background makes him the vital radio link amongst two conflicting cultures.Alfieri is the symbolic bridge between American constitutional law and Italian social law. The son of a Sicilian, he was raised in America and pursued an education in American law, providing him with a suitable dose of both(prenominal) backgrounds. Like a bridge, Alfieri connects with both shores. Like a bridge, Alfieri leans on the solid foundations of both cultures. But as well care a bridge, Alfieri is elevated above, and at that placefore watches more often than he interferes. Hence the title A View from the Bridge. The whole play is Alfieris perception of the events that took place. It is almost a secondary source that is, a collection of primary sources with his personal interpretation mixed in at relevant moments but it isnt a complete secondary source, because there are significant times during the play when Alfieri himself is involved.Alfieri provides vital continuity at locates in the play when the story cannot be told in any course other than narration. One example is on page 31, once the cousins reserve arrived and all the characters have been introduced, Eddie visits him for legal advice, for a legal way to save a Catherine/Rodolfo marriage. Alfieri provides literal descriptions of a storyline which, up until now, has been conveyed only through physical actions and behaviour. His eyes were like tunnels, describes Eddies single, unchangeable aim, whereas but in brief I saw it was only a passion that had moved into his body, like a stranger describes how cl ear it was to Alfieri that Eddie was possessed by his motive. There is in any case an element of foreshadowing in my first though was that he had pull a crime this phrase similarly reiterates that the events of the play have already taken place.There are further examples of continuity to promote understanding, provided by Alfieri, throughout the play. Give some of these.As mentioned earlier, the play is Alfieris story, told by Alfieri. As such, and based on the important bridge position he maintains, he has attempted to present the story from a reasonable, objective point a view, a point of view that would suit his position. However, he is overawed by the events that played out, and tells much of the story as a legend. On page 4, every few years there is still a case, andthe flat air in my office suddenly washes in with the parking lot scent of the sea, the dust in this air is blown away and the fancy comes thatanother lawyersat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course is reflective of this.Alfieri considers the Eddie Carbone case to be a case of exception, one that triggers the romantic feelings he describes in the quotation. As a result, even though one of Alfieris roles in the play is to take in about some form of understanding to a potentially abstruse storyline, this quotation shows that the character of Alfieri is not an emotionless, robot-like narrator, but a real human, with a natural tendency to tell magnificent stories with an element of excitement.This can also be seen in his closing remarks on page 64, where he admits to mourn Eddie. Hes only human, and hes lacerate between sympathy and pity. He is a bridge between two cultures, and he cannot make a choice to devote himself completely to one side. It is the blood line of a bridge to link two sides together. Similarly, it is his job to maintain a link between the American and Italian cultures, yet he is torn between the two. Here we truly see Alfieris dual-character, making him both a narrator and a character.

Comparing Two Computer Advertisements Two Computer advertisements Essay

Whether you like it or not, the media, to a large extent, defines your life and the way you think. It includes television, cinema, radio, video, magazines, books , the internet and newspapers.In this show I will be taking an analytical look at two computer advertisements that caught my attention in two unalike newspapers, videlicet The Guardian, and The sunniness. What is amazing is the amount of space taken up by some(prenominal) advertisements. Both adverts plenty be categorized as advertorials as the companies they face ar describing and promoting their respective products.As the Guardian is a broadsheet and The Sun a tabloid, it goes without saying that each will target a different audience.The content in textbookual matter edition A features a computer and tells the lector about the softw are and hardware that they are trying to sell. The account book is write in quite a persuasive style. The Macintosh Performa in text A is advertised in The Sun and makes charact er of an attention-grabbing heading that is overly ambiguous Difficult. Temperamental. Hard to understand. On a quick glance at the text and looking at the picture of a sullen-looking boy, one is prompt to make the association about a boy who is possibly throwing a tantrum. And it is in the ambiguity where the punch-line lies. Unlike the boy who will be tantrumming from clock to time, with the Macintosh Performa, theres no frustrating, baffling patience-trying set-up procedures.The layout is really spectacular. The article takes up an entire page. The main text is set out in three columns, relatively densely printed with early paragraphs playing on the innuendo that both computers and children can be Difficult. Temperamental. Hard to understand. The rest of the text stresses that the Performa is a well-behaved and versatile computer.The text is broken up by the use of two line drawings of the computer and the software.The tone of the text is reassuring, helpful, and stresses acc essibility of the Performas functions.The footing of the computer is tactically delayed until the third column The price of the computer start at just 1,099. The reader or potential buyer will at this point feel that it is worth every(prenominal) penny with all its functions.There is also a constitutional theatrical role to the model featured and step forwards in very broken print at the foot of the page. And a list of dealers is also in very small print at the foot of the page.Advertisement B shows a worn down distant view of the front of an Aptiva computer. The company that promotes this product is IBM and their logo is fixed in the right hand corner at the bottom of the page.The stop system is there for the reader to see. I also think that they are trying to tempt the reader as they use a plunk of adjectives Loud, colourful, fast-moving, enjoyable, stuffThe immediate contrast between the two texts is the layout. Unlike text A, that has three columns, text B has no co lumns, only paragraphs with sub-headings. And this makes the advert appear dull and unattractive to the readers. But then again, the audience in this content is different to that of text A. As this advertisement appears in the broadsheet newspaper, its readers are usually keen business people and the emphasis is not so much on entertainment but on efficiency and smashing edge technology. Therefore, when the price 1,799 is quoted the reader will not be surprise at all. However, a touch of humor is added when OK, whitethornbe not for dogs. appears in very small print next to the price. This humorous note may have been included to discourage readers from dwelling on the price. Reference to the model featured appears in a very small print at the foot of the page.The heading is fairly conventional, using bold, white lettering against a black background.The main text is set out in paragraphs and the word Stuff is repeated in the large 5 sub-headings.The tone of the text is light-hearted , whimsical, with a joke in each of the first two sections.You can also see the TOYS R US logo under the movie of the computer which tells you they are the outlets for the new Aptiva.Both advertisements use persuasive techniques for example, repeating in text B the word stuff. The word stuff gives it a more colloquial style.Of the two advertisements I liked the Performa more as it appears to be very user friendly As soon as you plug it in, the Performa can run, However, it needs to be said, that when you buy an Aptiva, you buy into a new lifestyle.

Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Analysis

In situations of desperation, desolation or depression humans may become cap competent of acting inexplicably. When a person is faced with a sulky situation he may try to deny the humanity of the situation, and as such remain optimistic that all entrust be set right. The protagonists of Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and Alexander Solzhenitsyns One Day in the behavior of Ivan Denisovich must cope with these elements of self-delusions, their bitter wisdom and the fragility of their own hope. mickle who believe they father nonhing to look forward to, begin to replace their perceptions of comfort to cope with their dismal situation. The human Gregor Samsa enjoyed happiness from making new(prenominal)s happy, as seen through his intentions of sending his sister to the musical Conservatory or his magnate to provide for his family. When he is no longer able to find happiness in human interaction, he begins to find happiness for himself in the simplest occurrences. bring also An alysis of Characters in Flannery OConnors The Life You go on May Be Your OwnHe especially exchangeabled dangling from the ceiling it was completely different from lying on the floor wiz could breathe much freely a faint swinging principal went through the body and in the almost happy absent- heededness which Gregor felt up there, it could happen to his own surprise that he let go and plopped onto the floor.During the initial stages of his metamorphosis, Gregor is proud and happy about his ability to provide such a comfortable life for his family. After his transformation he is not able to make others happy consequently universe force-outd to seek joyousness for himself in the smallest things, despite how simple they may seem. Ivan Denisovich, also referred to as Shukhov, finds himself in a similar situation. He is forced to abandon the common goals overlap by other men and to adopt a mentality where choice provides him with satisfaction. Ivan is happy about his day because he avoids additive punishment, has more than ordinary to eat, works at building a wall which he takes pride in and acquires some new tools. His enjoyment of these simple accomplishments demonst order the changes which have occurred inwardly him.Shukhov went to sleep, and he was very happy. Hed had a lot of luck today. They hadnt purge him in the cooler. The gang hadnt been chased out to work in the Socialist company Development. Hed finagled an extra bowl of mush at noon. The boss has gotten them good rates for their work. Hed felt good making that wall. They hadnt found that piece of steel in the frisk. Caesar had paid him off in the evening. Hed bought some tobacco. And hed gotten over that sickness.Nothing had botch up the day and it had been almost happy.The happiness felt by Ivan results from incidents that others would take for granted. His additional labour in the prison is not for any reason other than for his survival and satisfaction. Rather than thinking of how he could be made happier by what he does not have, he appears happy with what he is given. The protagonists of some(prenominal) novels force themselves into believing they are happy, to be collapse able to cope with the grim public of their circumstances.Although there is no rationale given for their respective situations, the protagonists two have the knowledge that their life has changed for the worse. When Gregor reflects upon the life he once gave to his family, he begins to feel guilty about Grete having to care for him. His life has been based upon his character reference as the provider, but fulfilling his duties after the transformation is no longer plausible. much during Gregors short stays in the city the Conservatory would come up in his conversations with his sister, but always merely as a beautiful dream which was not supposed to come dependable, and his parents were not happy to study even these innocent allusions but Gregor had very concrete ideas on the candid a nd he intended solemnly to announce his plan on Christmas Eve.Thoughts like these, completely useless in his present state, went through his head as he stood glued to the door.His motivation has been fulfilling the financial and emotional needs of his family put forth on him, but he is no longer take by his family. The Samsa family is now capable of surviving without his contributions, and seemingly are better people as they become independent. As the bug he is a burden to his family because his purpose in life has been made im thinkable to fulfill. contrasted Gregor, Ivan believes that he has a purpose (to work with his give) but he is futile to because of an unfair conviction.Easy money doesnt weigh anything and it doesnt give you that good skin senses you position when you in truth earn it. The old saying was true-what you dont pay for honestly, you dont derive good value for. Shukhovs hands were sboulder clay good for something. Back habitation hed surely find himself w ork making stoves, or something in the carpentry line, or mending pots and pans.The only catch was- if youd been convicted with vent of civil rights, you couldnt get work anywhere and you werent allowed back family unit.Ivan is proud of the work he does with his hands but he is not permitted to choose his living because of the sentence. He is not able to return home and has lost his civil rights. His future will never exceed his past life. For Ivan true freedom means home but he will never have that freedom again. The manlike prisoners create a society in which they have the security of astute what they will be doing and eating from one day to the next to that extent remain powerless over their futures. The changes caused by the peculiar situations give both protagonists a more pessimistic view of their lives.The promise of hope causes people to be optimistic even in the grimmest of situations, but a deficiency of it may be detrimental. In the case of Gregor the fragility of his hope is a disadvantage. He retains a human sense of frustration, memory and optimism despite his change magnitude animal instincts. During the incident when Grete attempts to remove his furniture he at primary seems passive to the notion but once his mother voices doubts, saying the removal of the furniture would be symbolic of the family bountiful up hope of his return, he too becomes more hopeful, even wanting to give up locomote to retain his humanity.Nothing should be removed everything had to stay he could not do without the beneficial influence of the furniture on his state of mind and if the furniture prevented him from carrying on this senseless crawling around, then that was no loss but rather a great advantage.The hope of others around him greatly influences his own, as instanced when he opens his door to measure the reaction of his family to his initial transformation. later(prenominal) Grete declares the bug would have already left if it really were Gregor. She is essentially giving up the hope that the bug is her brother expectedly Gregor dies that night. The will to live for Ivan, however, is bulletproof enough to overpower his hopelessness and the endless difficulties of a life he cannot control. He has enough hope of getting out of prison to withstand his own sanity, but not so much that he becomes demoralize about his situation.Shukhov sort of liked the way they pointed at him- the lucky qat nearly through with his sentence. But he didnt really believe it. vex the fellows who shouldve been let out in the war. They were all kept in till forty-six- till further notice. And then those with three years whod gotten five more slapped on. They twisted the law any way they wanted. You finished a ten-year blossom forth and they gave you another one. Or if not, they still wouldnt let you go home.But sometimes you got a kind of funny feeling inside. Maybe your number really would come up one day. God, just to think you might whirl out an d go homeIvan realizes that he will never have freedom yet wants nothing more than being released from prison. Restraining his hopes with a apprehension of reality enables him to find a balance between escape and cheer during his sentence. It is difficult to be truly happy when keeping the dismal reality in mind.The protagonists find their lives are worse because they know it is not possible to find the happiness they once had. Despite this knowledge, they maintain the hope of go to normal for as long as they can. This hope serves to protect the potentially false happiness they experience. Both characters are described as being almost happy because, despite their self-delusions, they can only obtain true happiness if their lives were to return to the way they once were but that is unfeasible.

Response to Intervention Essay

Of wholly forms of mental activity, the most toilsome to induce even in the minds of the young, who may be presumed not to build lost their flexibility, is the art of handling the same bundle of data as before, but placing them in a new-fashioned system of relations with sensation another by giving them a different framework, all of which about means putting on a different kind of thinking-cap for the moment.It is leisurely to teach anybody a new factbut it needs decrease from heaven above to enable a teacher to break the grey framework in which the student is accustomed to seeing. Arthur Koestler Twenty-first century educational institutions be on a research journey exploring continued models, theories, plans, strategies and so much more to bring resolve to the puzzles facing our schools. Many schools are facing the ills of low performance and a decline in opposition Adequate Y archean pass off. Plans and studies to improve schools donnish performance are on the ris e.School attractorship and districts continue to explore and search for the perfect research found model that will pull them up and out of the face of despair to a supreme and successful schooling community where students get the best aiming through assiduous didacticsal practices. An alternative to classroom learning brings evolving on the educational scene is answer to hinderance (RTI). reception to incumbrance refers to the many ways created to assist teachers in implementing assertion through new and improved activities that will re pass low performance to successful outcomes.This curriculum was birthed years ago out the policies established from No Child left(a) Behind. Response to Intervention (RTI) is a researched based model used by school systems all over the country to deter schoolman and behavioural failure in the educational system. Through the engagement of scientifically based instructional practices, students embrace the enhanced intervention strate gies that allow them to explore educational skills with a confidence that bring successful outcomes.Response to Intervention was created to kibosh the struggling performance of student at the risk of academic and/or behavioral failure. Through early detection of specific skills deficiencies, students are place and immediate assessments are administered. Diagnosis of these deficient skills allows teachers to structure instruction to oppose the specific needs of students. Strategic plans are developed to target skills wishing and an alternative instructional plan is created.The purpose of Response to Intervention is early detection and identification of learning concerns of students and the development of an individualized plan that addresses the separate prescription for resolving the students academic or behavioral issue. In our 21st century learning communities, students are required to participate and are engaged in educational activities that may challenge their ability to grasp the archetype in manners conducive to their learning styles. Schools are challenged to examine their methods of instruction to meet the needs of all children making them successful in all areas of academic content.A quality school is a place where students learn to think and apply get byledge to new situations, where students are involved in and excited about their learning, where students make individual gains in transition and knowledge, where adults know they care about individual students, where students develop I can attitudes and ability about learning, and where the type of learning that occurs prepares students for success after school (Gentry, 2006) In our twenty-first century learning communities, administrative leadership promotes the success of its students by implementing research that is current and best practices. interstate highway School Leaders Licensure family Standard Two which states A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the suc cess of all students by advocating, nurturing, and sustaining a school culture and instructional program conducive to student learning and staff professional growth. (ISLLC 2008 2). The performance of RTI, promotes an intervention plan focused target areas that are measureable and growth results that are sight through weekly come about observe.The RTI model is a valuable plus to the educational community due to the programs not specifically a special(a) education eligibility tool, rather it is a data-based decision-making system that can be used for all students within the school. (Wedl, 2005) The application of the various methods of scientific discoveries that relief solutions to many of the educational concerns experienced by our students is positive to their success and confidence. The pastime is a plan of action based on the Response to Intervention Model that will promote academic success for students lacking attainment in their educational experiences.Students wi ll be engaged in mundane and weekly activities that will enhance their differentiated instruction. This plan is based on the specific features of the Response to Intervention Model that are crucial to the process of instruction. Tier Model 1, Problem solution during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, all students are engaged in instruction. Many of the academic needs of the students are met in this level. Approximately one time of day and thirty minutes of direct core instruction is implemented.Teachers are engaged in developing base line data from students response to instruction. The data from student responses should indicate which students are responding below expected levels of progress and those students needing enrichment. Tier Model 2, Problem Solving during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, every student may need the interventions of this Tier. Again, one hour and thirty minutes of direct instr uction from the core curriculum instruction.An spare twenty to thirty minutes of intense instruction for targeted skills in a weensy group within the classroom setting. Daily and weekly progress monitoring is necessary to ensure mastery. Tier Model 3, Problem Solving during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, students that show lack of intellectual of implemented instruction and are below the level of proficiency at the Tier 2 instructional interventions level, must continue prescribed interventions.At this level of intervention, again one hour and thirty minutes of direct core instruction, and possibly an additional fifty minutes of intense instruction on targeted skills. Homogenous grouping of students in small unit is desirable. Progress monitoring is required and all the while the teacher is data edge to determine continued instruction, needs assessments, updating base-line data, student mastery, and other critical factors. After impleme nting each Tier 1 three weeks of intense interventions should follow.A new Tier is implemented after completing monitoring activities and evaluating the compiled data. break to the success of the Response to Intervention Model is the consistent progress monitoring of the students responses to the various daily interventions. Also, due to the constant monitoring, early interception of redirecting the students lack of understanding, promotes the continual classroom interventions and deters the need for special education.In many cases, statistics reveal that students experience success and mastery of skills through the varied steps of RTI. According to Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standard Two, administrative leaders are responsible for establishing an atmosphere and organizational culture conducive for successful academic experiences for every child. The educational performances of our students are founded on the instructional effectiveness of a curriculum structur ed to strategically provide mastery through systematic, rigorous, and objective teaching.Tracking student progress through informed data is imperative to a teachers next step in the model. throughout the intervention students are provided high quality instruction. Response to Intervention provides a prescriptive plan of success through intense engaged learning. The problem solving techniques and data driven instructional strategies, will provide opportunities of success. With targeted small group skills instruction as necessary for the struggling child, the experience of maximum achievement is inevitable.

Cypw Level 2 Shc 21

CYPW direct 2 Unit SHC22 Introduction to communication in wellness kind c are or childens and young peoples setting. Task 1 connect to eruditeness turn outcome 1, assessment criteria 1. 1, 1. 2 and 1. 3 1. 1- Describe the duties and responsibilities of your reference To answer and realize the Early Years Leader. Work as a fellow member of the staff team, under the supervision of the Early Years Leader, to support safe, senior high quality care and education for either told attending pre-school. To support apiece childs transition from home and recognise the importance of creating positive colligate with parents in accordance with the policies of pre-school.To respond to the individual needs of the children. Listen effectively and appropriately to the needs of the parents. To suck skills and knowledge in matters concerning childrens wellness and safety and to provide a safe environment at all times. To be aware of, and stay fresh at all times, deliveryman perform pre-schools confidentiality policy. To maintain the accident book, registers and other records as the need arises. To maintain appliance to high standard. Attend regular staff meetings and be beaten(prenominal) with the governing body of preschool. Assist with fundraising activities. 1. Identify standards that influence the way your role is carried out EYFS Childrens act upon 1989 Childrens Act 2004 Data Protection Act 1998 Admissions policy settling In & Transition policy Equality & Diversity polity circumscribed educational Needs/Disability insurance Health & practicedty policy perk up cognitive operation Risk Assessment Forms Continence & Personal evolution polity Medication form _or_ system of government Medication Forms Safeguarding Children Policy & make Behaviour perplexity Policy & Practice Confidentiality Policy Data Handling Policy get in guardianship Guidance Emergency Clo positive(predicate) PolicyParental Involvement Policy Visitors Policy Complai nts Procedure Procedure in the event of an allegation being make against a member of staff Staffing & Employment Policy Code of deportment Promoting Safe Practice Social Net runing Policy Internet Policy wide awake telephone set Policy Drugs and Alcohol Policy Harassment & Bullying Policy & Procedure Whistle Blowing Policy Student Placement Policy offer Policy Procedure for Uncollected Children Procedure for when a child leaves the throng marooned Equipment & Resources Policy Environmental Policy Food & Drink Policy tidy Eating PolicyProcedure for Outings Consent Form for Outings 1. 3 Describe shipway to attend that personal attitudes and beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work listen, be patient and dont be judgmental and stay impartial this could likewise embroil being supportive and empathetic in certain situations. qualification sure a variety of toys, snacks and activities are tailored and available for several(predicate) childrens and childrens parents belief s and ground this is a lovely way to teach children about the differences thither are in each other and showing them its nice and enkindle to have individual experiences and beliefs.I particularly like the celebrations of different festivals and special occasions from slightly the world and how the children love to get involved either by back up in costumes, trying new and different foods or hearing to the different types of music from other countries. Making sure all the children and childrens parents/carers are made to feel important and that you can be approached by them at anytime and they feel you can be open-minded only passkey about any concerns or worries they may have.Cypw Level 2 Shc 21CYPW Level 2 Unit SHC22 Introduction to communication in health social care or childens and young peoples setting. Task 1 Links to learning outcome 1, assessment criteria 1. 1, 1. 2 and 1. 3 1. 1- Describe the duties and responsibilities of your role To assist and support the Early Y ears Leader. Work as a member of the staff team, under the supervision of the Early Years Leader, to provide safe, high quality care and education for all attending pre-school. To support each childs transition from home and recognise the importance of creating positive links with parents in accordance with the policies of pre-school.To respond to the individual needs of the children. Listen effectively and appropriately to the needs of the parents. To have skills and knowledge in matters concerning childrens health and safety and to provide a safe environment at all times. To be aware of, and maintain at all times, Christ Church pre-schools confidentiality policy. To maintain the accident book, registers and other records as the need arises. To maintain apparatus to high standard. Attend regular staff meetings and be familiar with the organisation of preschool. Assist with fundraising activities. 1. Identify standards that influence the way your role is carried out EYFS Childrens Act 1989 Childrens Act 2004 Data Protection Act 1998 Admissions Policy Settling In & Transition Policy Equality & Diversity Policy Special Educational Needs/Disability Policy Health & Safety Policy Fire Procedure Risk Assessment Forms Continence & Personal Development Policy Medication Policy Medication Forms Safeguarding Children Policy & Procedures Behaviour Management Policy & Practice Confidentiality Policy Data Handling Policy Record Keeping Guidance Emergency Closure PolicyParental Involvement Policy Visitors Policy Complaints Procedure Procedure in the event of an allegation being made against a member of staff Staffing & Employment Policy Code of Conduct Promoting Safe Practice Social Networking Policy Internet Policy Mobile Telephone Policy Drugs and Alcohol Policy Harassment & Bullying Policy & Procedure Whistle Blowing Policy Student Placement Policy Volunteer Policy Procedure for Uncollected Children Procedure for when a child leaves the group unaccompanied Equipment & Resources Policy Environmental Policy Food & Drink Policy Healthy Eating PolicyProcedure for Outings Consent Form for Outings 1. 3 Describe ways to ensure that personal attitudes and beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work listen, be patient and dont be judgmental and stay impartial this could also include being supportive and empathetic in certain situations. Making sure a variety of toys, snacks and activities are tailored and available for different childrens and childrens parents beliefs and background this is a lovely way to teach children about the differences there are in each other and showing them its nice and exciting to have individual experiences and beliefs.I particularly like the celebrations of different festivals and special occasions from around the world and how the children love to get involved either by dressing up in costumes, trying new and different foods or listening to the different types of music from other countries. Making sure all the children and ch ildrens parents/carers are made to feel important and that you can be approached by them at anytime and they feel you can be open-minded but professional about any concerns or worries they may have.

Close Reading of Hope is a thing with feathers Essay

The oral communication exemplify in Emily Dickinsons poetry is at times unclear, sometimes ungrammatical and stinkpot be found to be disjunctive. Dickinson wrote in decided brevity, irregular grammar, peculiar punctuation and hand picked diction. Her poems were written in a circular manner, where she took the referee to one place and them swept them rump to the number 1 al appearances relating one metaphor to the next. Dickinson was an intimate person th rough out with(predicate)out her manner, and her poems hypothesise that lifestyle. Like her poems, she was never quite figured out. Dickinson wrote not for the audience to watch but for her profess self expression by writing great deal the haggle as they came to her, with little regard to the conventional syntax or diction. In this poem Dickinson coveys a metaphorical description of forecast through simple language to ex field of study a complex idea present in everyones life.Dickinsons poem Hope was written in both si mple syntax and diction, but bumed up with a strong meaning. Though the word order and punctuation are sensibly strange, the actual words are easy to understand on their own. However, what makes them kindle is how they relate to one another and how they play an important factor to the over all theme of commit. Throughout the poem the words chosen are those we delectation every mean solar day and made up of one or two syllables. The plain diction that is used throughout most of the poem shows the naturalness of hope. that Dickinson breaks this flow with the word extremity to show the burdens that hope can cooperate one over enumerate. firearm hope is a difficult idea to grasp, Dickinson uses a simple writing style to explain hope in a philosophical view through the exploration of hope through all types of landscapes, such as the chillest land and strangest sea.Hope takes the reader on a metaphorical journey through personifying hope into a dolly. In the depression delineat e Hope is the thing with feathers, Dickinsons choice of words helps reap how hope is whateverthing with feathers, not necessarily something as concrete as a boo. By choosing to describe hope as the thing rather than a dame, she cave ins room for interpretation spot still painting a express of the bird and its feathers. Hope is inanimate but by describing it as a thing with feathers she brings hope to life and creates an image of what hope may smell worry. By choosing hope to be a thing with feathers she sums up what hope in truth stands for, the ability to fly away, explore tender places and start new adventures.Dickinson talks about how hope roostes in the soul, which is an effective metaphor because it creates a sense of unpredictability. The word perch means to alight upon it, giving it a sense of unpredictability and unstableness. Much like when a bird rests upon a tree branch and at any given moment it can fly away to a new place. She could have chosen be in the s oul, but by using the word perched she wanted to leave an impression of fleetingness and unpredictability.Hope is described as a thing, disparate to everyone, yet its a spirit that lives within everyones soul. Dickinson chooses her words cautiously and meticulously to create the image of what hope would look like and act like if it were a living thing. She describes hope as the thing, not something or anything. It implies that hope is one of its kind, hard to duplicate, unique, yet get-at-able by everyone. The chosen words leave enough ambiguity for the reader to go back and forth between hope being something as concrete as a bird and the olfactory sensation that lifts the spirits of a broken soul. Hope is not a bird, but it is birdlike, free, full of life and ready to fly away at a moments notice. Hope is birdlike in a sense that it sings all day without expecting anything in return. Hope is manifestly in that respect waiting for someone to cease it.And sings the tunewithout t he words, in this line Dickinson once once more takes the reader from the imagery of a bird to the feeling that hope brings to the world. She writes that hope sings the tune, making the reader see and hear the bird sing a song. Then she brings the reader back to an unclear version of that image when she writes, without the words. It is as if she wanted the reader to imagine a bird with all its freedom and happiness in its song, and then takes it all back and brings the reader to their own idea of hope. Dickinson as well chose to make it clear that hope sings without the words because hope isnt meant to speak, but to inspire and light the way for new beginnings.Without words, the tune is less definitive and not restrained to our own vocabulary. Dickinson, much like most humans, had trouble communicating their emotions orally. Because of his I intrust that Dickinson chose to clearly express that hope sings without words. Humans are restricted by the connotations and definitions tha t words carry. However, birds arent restricted by words, they keep chirping their tune without a care. Dickinson conveys the sense of freedom that hopes delivers without any strings attached. Hope will delay in ones life singing the tune, and it is up to from each one individual to make of hope what they wish. Hope has no words and because of this we do not know its intention, yet we know that it is always there for us because we hear its tune.The following line And never stops at all, refers back to the endless tune that a bird chirps throughout the day. This line also creates a contrast with the preceding line that uses the word perch. While perch creates and feeling of unpredictability, the last line of this stanza contradicts itself when it responsibilitys that hope never stops at all. These two contradictory terms were carefully chosen to once again paint the image of how hope may be personified as a bird. While a bird may chirp throughout the day without hesitation or the c onfusion that words might bring, a bird eventually stops or their song gets drowned out by the noise. While Dickinson wants to create a sense of eternal hope, she also wants to show that while hope will also be there, people tend to put down touch with it, much like a bird could at any point in time lose its perch. Though there is no sense of loss explained in the poem, the word perch creates this feeling as it stands for something that is not eternal.Throughout the entire poem Dickinson makes a point to state that hope is all around us and always perched on our souls. During the rough times and the good times, hope will always be there waiting to pave the way. Dickinson ends her poem with a extremely powerful line, Yet, never, in extremity,It asked a crumb of me. Hope is not just a a thing anymore, it is a selfless thing that continues to stand by your aspect and provide you with belief that things will work out. Yet it never asks for anything in return. Hope is unselfish, it wil l follow you through your darkest hours without an expectation of anything in return. It really helps illustrate what a crucial role hope played in Dickinsons life.Dickinsons word choice is not the only carefully chosen aspect of the poem, the simple rhyme chosen helps the poem and contentedness flow easily to the reader. By rhyming only the second and twenty-five percent lines of each stanza, Dickinson creates a tempo for the reader. Much like beautiful lyrics, her poems come toView as multi-pages

Occupational Health and Safety Issues Essay

Explain how Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) contributes to managing the serviceman imagery environment. Use the question literature to outline and discuss at least two current OH&S issues that impact piece imaging management in contemporary organizations. * * * Occupational health and safeguard atomic number 18 becoming more and more important in term of human resource management. On wiz hand, managers need to be familiar with the drive aim-headed context. On the opposite hand, they too shake to keep in judging a development of outline to manage occupational health and preventative.This endeavor will discuss some current occupational health and guard duty issues and how they affect human resource management. Occupational health and base hit refers to the physical, physiologic and psychological conditions of an organizations workforce, tie in to aspects of work and the work context. When tantrum organizations goal and strategies, managers may get to worry to consume occupational health and sentry duty management as an influencing factor. As countries on the whole over the land ar integrating in globalization, the change in economic structure also has influence on the mode of doing business.When more and more companies move from state- knowledgeed to private ones, they may give their bear strategy to manage occupational health and safety which is more suitable for their own goal. China is an example. Before, Chinas government has authority and is the one who sets regulations on standard conditions of workplace in state-owned company. Since China opened its market to pairing the global market, a lot of private companies as well as foreign companies were established. This led to the change in governments laws and regulations link to occupational health and safety.It has been stated in article of Dara (2003) that government rules by means of unions and associations that also communicate with organizations through smaller ones. Each organization has its own department to take c ar the conditions related to workplace (usually human resource department). However, this raises another issue among the society. As reported in researches, the problem related to occupational health and safety is hush underestimated. Managers and board directors are settle down considering the expediency and outcomes more important than employees wellbeing (Meei-shia, 2003, p. 68). Only game film of employees or legislation from government can affect management end on occupational health and safety. This can be seen as one of the reasons for an increasing number of work-related stress as well as other diseases. The modern life with the advantage of new technologies may have way out in rising stress at work. It can easily be found on jobs that require hanker time working and much(prenominal) effort such as professionals, science research and managers. There are several reasons that cause stress in workplace.Poor wor king conditions, high job demands or physical harassment all of these can learn to work-related stress. Many studies have shown a same result about the publication of long working hour and high demand of work on level of stress of workers. Moreover, as the labor-force is becoming older, younger workers are change magnitude the task for employees will increase. While the number of old labor increase by 4. 2 million, this number of younger workforce decreased by 0. 7 million (New and emerging fortunes in occupational safety and health, 2009).This can also lead to a high level of depression. It has been argued that because of overleap of experience, skills and training, young workers often have to suffer more risk at work (Marie-Amelie, 2009). A major issue that managers have to take to consider in this perspective is how to train young and new labor-force so they will be aware of their rights and duties regarding health and safety. Problems related to occupational health and saf ety is differing from industries. Heavy industries often observe higher rate of risk than other industries.For example, a study of Hitomi, Bryan and Xabier (2009) on truck drivers occupational accidents has shown a relative high percentage of accidents when working on and around the truck. These take on stepping off the edge at height (33. 3%), wrong undercoat (27. 0%), slipping (44. 1%) and so on. Another occupational health and safety issue is that not only it differs from industries but also differs from types of worker. The world is moving countries are getting closer and closer.Organizations nowadays tend to do their production offshore because the foreign labor cost is much cheaper than local anesthetic ones. However, foreign managers, as mentioned earlier, usually care more about the profit than occupational health and safety. Similarly, workers who immigrate have to work in reproving conditions than local workers. Reports results have shown a remarkable high-risk rate of migrator workers compared to local ones. As immigrants, they have to accept hard works with long hour, high demand and poor conditions in order to earn bullion for their living.For example, a French study revealed that immigrant workers have to face with more risks at work in compared with local workers (Gliber, as cited in Eusebio, 2009). Besides, they often lack of education and information about occupational health and safety at workplace. Differences in language and culture are too factors prevent them from conversations related to occupational health and safety. Since occupational health and safety issues are recognized, it is necessary for managers to think about how to manage it along with organizations goal and mission.As mentioned earlier, both government and organization should control occupational health and safety. organisation can set the standard conditions while organization can have its own management according to its situation. However, the most important factor that contributes to a in(predicate) management of occupational health and safety is employees intricacy. In the research of workplace conditions in China, Dara and Garrett (2003) has emphasized the important role of employees in occupational health and safety. Employees are people who work and face with risks directly at workplace.They know what type of health and safety problem workers often have as well as how to create an ideal working environment. Having workers involvement in occupational health and safety management is the best way to do. Employees themselves should be aware of their role in occupational health and safety issues. It is for their own benefit that they take part in occupational health and safety management. They have the right to raise their voice, to consume sure that their rights and obligations are protected. Workers participation is also one of many factors contributing to a successful occupational health and safety management.In order to encourage worker s to take part in occupational health and safety, it needs to have a strong connection between top manager, supervisors and employees. There is number of organizations have failed in occupational health and safety management as they siret take to consider worker involvement in decision-making. The communication gap between employers and employees is one of many impediments to develop a safety workplace. We are living in a dynamic environment that is changing everyday. The advantages of new technologies help people in many aspects.However, occupational health and safety is still one of the issues that people concern the most when doing business. It is still a controversy about how decision-making can help to create a healthy and safety environment. The responsibility not only belongs to managers but also workers who directly experience the conditions of workplaces. Managers should take to consider the occupational health and safety as a contributor to human resource management con sequently have contingency plan in decision-making in order to make occupational health and safety management suitable with organizations goal.

Reflections on Transgender Essay

Before going to the trans sexuality workshop, I shoot already had a mindset of gender stereotype and I have neer thought of accepting the sexual minorities comparable trans and homosexual batch. I was embossed in a traditional and conservative family that my pargonnts battle arrayed me that a man should be the head of the family because he is the breadwinner so totally family members have to rely on him. On the other hand, a woman should always listen to her keep up and stay at home to serve her husband and take manage of the children. Family is the primary lovingizing agent that I learn how a family functions by observational learning. Moreover, I was taught in school that how girls and boys should behave without questioning the fence why I should behave like that. The formal, informal and hidden political platform in school shaped my thought about gender. For instance, boys should be active agent and girls should be quiet in class. Socialized by family and school for a long time, I internalized the gender stereotype made by the cultivation of caller so I admitted that I had a closed-mind before.I without delay understand why students atomic number 18 inculcated with this gracious of gender stereotype. It is because capitalists want to swan their power and heterosexual domination in a patriarchy society so they labeled the minority as abnormal. According to the conflict system of Karl Marx, the education systems produce the ideology of gender stereotype so as to maintain and legitimate the base created by capitalists who control the means of production. I have learned to believe in a critical way because m each of our mindsets atomic number 18 shaped by society. We have to question whether they are rational before accepting those thoughts. later attending the transgender workshop, I had a brief understanding about what transgender is. Transgender means that masses identify themselves as another sex diametric from their biological sex . Their gender identity and gender expression are different from their biological sex and gender situation constructed by society. For example, some of them are male at birth alone they identify themselves as womanish. We called them MtF (male to female) and another type is called FtM (female to male). Mainly, trans commonwealth are change integrity into two groups, the Cross performer, who like to dress up as a different sex and the Transexual, who have brookne sex reassign manpowert procedure.From the sharing of two trans people, Fei (a MtF) and Siu Keung(aFtM), I know that universe a trans person is oaf because he or she has to position a lot of difficulty in chance(a) life much(prenominal) as being questioned by family and friends as well as being discriminated against in society that mention them have low self-esteem. Like Fei, he discovered that he liked a boy when he was in Form 3 or 4 and then his classmates humiliated him so he hated himself very much at that time and he pull down tried to commit suicide. I prat see that friend is another socializing agent that affects our mindset of who we are and what we are vatical to behave. If we violate the expected behavior of society, we will be regarded as lusus naturae and abnormal. In order not to be isolated or labeled as abnormal, we follow the main stream and hide the side that what we actually are. Also, I can see that only the hegemonic masculinity is being authorized among people through Feis experience. He was once invited to a themed companionship and he wore a dress to go to the party. However, his friends asked him not to wear dress to come again.Feminine masculinity is not acceptable. Everything has its diversity but people tend to divide things into binary opposition. The one who owns power decides which character is the dear and normal one and the other is regarded as wrong and abnormal. It is obviously a power struggle. Trans gender people are leading a difficult life. In Hong Kong, thither are approximately 200-300 trans people (Leung, 2012). Many of them are like Fei that they have to behave normal in front of other people and they could only be the true self when they are alone. Trans people will also consider their behaviors as abnormal or even consider themselves as a psychopathy. As many of them are antipathetic to find help, they are in lack of people to share their feelings that make them feel lonely and helpless. Some of them many even hurt their procreative organs or commit suicide. Apart from the lacking in amiable support, the institution in Hong Kong doesnt provide copious support for trans people. Until now, there is no law to protect trans people, as they are not include in the Sex Discrimination Ordinance.Only those who are judged to have grammatical gender Identity Disorder can be protected under check Discrimination Ordinance. (Leung, 2012) Yet, in the mean time, trans people are labeled as disable as well as having mental di sorder, which is another kind of discrimination. Also, health care system in Hong Kong is not comprehensive enough for trans people. At present, there are only two hospitals, which are Prince of Wales infirmary and the sex clinic in CastlePeak Hospital, that provide transgender medical diagnostic services so trans people have to wait about sevener weeks to see the doctor (Medical services provided for sexual practice Identity Disorders patients, 2013). Knowing what tough situation that the trans people are facing, I feel sympathy for them and I will now show my respect to trans people. I used to think that the Crossdresser was abnormal and disgusting. Now, I question why women can dress like men but men cannot dress like women. It is unfair to men that they will be criticized and discriminated against if they dress like women. Also, the media uses language to derogate the Crossdresser much(prenominal) as calling them ladyboy .Like Fei, he likes wearing dress since he was small b ut he has tried to throw away all his dresses as his mother and girlfriends did not accept that. It is hard for him not to be the one he wanted to be and he had spent years being the one he hated. I will consider crossdressing as a hobby of trans people because they beneficial spend time on something they like to do. Also, we should not criticize their act because it does not do any harm on other people. In addition to the Crossdresser, transsexual people have to master up their courage to undergo sex reassignment surgery as it is not as easy as we think. In fact, it is a long process. They have to first get a referral letter from doctors, social workers or psychologists and they must pass the two-year mental and psychological paygrade process including living as another sex for one year. Next, they can be defined as gender identity disorder. After that, they are referred to public hospital to undergo surgery.In fact it is dangerous for them to undergo sex reassignment surgery, e specially the FtM people. There is a high risk of exposure of imperfection in penile reconstructive surgery and the success rate is low. Also, they have to take hormones. According to some medical studies, there will be some long-term side effects of taking female hormones. For example, the risk of having breast cancer will be higher and the load of the liver will be increased (Transgender handbook, 2012). I appreciate their determination that they would kind of sacrifice their health in order to be their true selves. As Goffman said, gender is something that an individual actively do, we can choose to be a man or a woman, as we like. In this post-modern age, queer surmise suggested that gender is fluid. A picture of the genderbread person shows that there are much than eighty combinations that an individual can be. For example, she can be a female but identifying herself as a manand she can express herself as androgynous and being a bisexual. I know that when we do not unders tand an issue clearly, we have no right to criticize it.After knowing what transgender is, I choose to respect. We should be open-minded to accept the world of diversity of gender in society or at to the lowest degree we should respect so that we all can live in a society with harmony. I have a friend who is a bisexual. I was once reluctant to befriend him. But now, I always show him my support and I am willing to listen to his difficulties in daily life to help him release stress. Also, I realized that I do not need to do something to fulfill what society expects me to do as a girl. For example, I do not need to be fond I do not need to have long legs, medium-large breasts or a slim body to impress men. I just have to be myself, which is unique.Work cited1.Leung , J.(2012). Gossip boys and girlsBrochure. Hong Kong Transgender Resource Center. 2.Medical services provided for Gender Identity Disorders patients. (2013, October 9). Retrieved from http//www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/2 01310/09/P201310090465.htm3.Rainbow of Hong Kong. (2012). Transgender handbookBrochure. Retrieved from http//rainbowhk.org/tg/handbook-p.html